ISBN: 978-65-994975-8-2
Autores – Edgard de Macedo Silva, Silvana Luciene do Nascimento Cunha Costa, Bruno Ribeiro Araújo, Suzete Elida Nobrega Correia, Amanda Medeiros Rodrigues, Cássio Ramon Moura Lima
Palavras-chave: Wavelet, Ruído magnético de Barkhausen, Fragilização.
Resumo: Ensaios eletromagnéticos não destrutivos vêm sendo desenvolvidos para acompanhamento de formação de microestruturas deletérias em materiais ferromagnéticos. No presente trabalho, o ruído magnético de Barkhausen resultante da interação entre ondas emissoras de 5 Hz e 25 Hz e um aço inoxidável duplex é estudado através da transformada wavelet discreta. As famílias db1, db5 e db10 foram analisadas com um nível de decomposição. Os resultados foram comparados com medidas de energia absorvida por impacto e microscopia óptica. As medidas de RMS dos sinais mostraram ser eficazes na detecção da fase sigma e com melhores resultados para aplicação da família db10.
Autores: Gregory A. Kyriazis, Karl-Christian Göthner
Palavras-chave: Energy efficiency, Technical regulation, Labeling, Quality infrastructure
Resumo: The main activities and results of the energy efficiency component of the regional project ‘Quality Infrastructure for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Latin America and the Caribbean’ are presented. This project was implemented by the Organization of American States (OAS), the Inter-American System of metrology (SIM), the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT), the Inter-American Accreditation Cooperation (IAAC), and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesantalt (PTB). The main objective of the energy efficiency component consisted in improving the regional quality infrastructure for energy efficiency of household appliances.
Autores: Márcio Cândido da Silva, Gean Marcos Geronymo
Palavras-chave: leakage current, potentiometric method, ac resistance, current comparison method, binary voltage divider
Resumo: This article discusses calibrations results of standard resistors performed with two commercially available equipment and a digital sampling impedance bridge developed at Inmetro. One of the commercial bridges uses the current comparison method and the other the potentiometric method with a binary voltage divider. Calibration was performed with standard resistors of 10 kΩ and 100 kΩ with significant leakage current. This study showed divergent results between each methodology. A specific methodology was used to estimate the leakage resistance of these resistors. This study contributes to establish criteria for correction and/or inclusion of uncertainty components in resistors calibrated in these methodologies.
Autores: Marcio Antonio Sens, Carlos Frederico Trotta Matt
Palavras-chave: Reactor; HVDC; vibration; impedance; defect; failure; detection
Resumo: An experimental, non-destructive and non-invasive technique for the quick and accurate detection of the internal conditions of electromagnetic reactors for HVDC systems has been used successfully. This technique involves the application of mechanical vibrations, in scanning to find resonance frequencies and the maintenance of vibrations in these frequencies with discrete evaluation of the electrical impedance of the reactor. With the vibrations, it was identified that the unit contained moving and non-static parts as expected in healthy units. And yet, those moving parts could be moved permanently when vibrations in the resonant frequencies were applied, in safe amplitudes so as not to cause other damages.
Autores: Caio César Cunha, Cilis Benevides Aragão, Paulo Régis Carneiro de Araújo, Rhuan Santiago, Andrio Antonio, Henrique Innecco, Jânio Oliveira, Lucas Costa, Rafael Araújo, Pedro Júnior
Palavras-chave: communication platform, product standardization, power meters
Resumo: Eletra Energy Solutions company is trying to reduce the negative impacts arising from a disorganized and decentralized structure of its power meters portfolio’s command libraries, including their codes, documentation, and intellectuals. It intended to research and develop a unified communication platform for its power measurement products. This paper presents a platform with a Web architecture, based on ESB (Enterprise Service Bus), flexible, modularized, incremental, centralized, easy to maintain and evolve, using open source technologies. In this way, it is possible to provide an abstraction that allows access via bus to all the power meters’ functionalities existing in the company’s portfolio.
Autores: Gregory A. Kyriazis
Palavras-chave: reactive power, measurement unit, electric power, international standardization, national regulation
Resumo: Problems have occurred in at least one country when national governments adopt in their legislation only the coherent derived units adopted by the Système International d´Unités, the SI. Electrical utilities and instrument manufacturers justifiably refuse to adopt the volt ampere for the unit of reactive power. In this article, we review the arguments then posed to justify the addition of a side-note on the unit of reactive power, the var (symbol: var), to the 9th edition of the SI Brochure.
Autores: Marcus Vinícius Viegas Pinto, Rodrigo Vargas Freitas Ventura, Regis Pinheiro Landim, Rodrigo Pereira David
Palavras-chave: Low Current, Calibration software, Automation
Resumo: Among the main pillars of industry 4.0 are big data, artificial intelligence, and the industrial internet of things (IIoT) which, together with industrial automation, allow for significant operational advances. In the field of calibration, where processes and procedures must be standardized, automation diminishes the variability caused by human intervention. In addition, the process is no longer limited to the time the technician is present, speeding up deliveries and improving laboratory efficiency and productivity. In this work, a software for the calibration of low current meters is presented. Also, a mathematical model and uncertainty analysis related to the adopted calibration method is presented. It was possible to calibrate an electrometer in a fully automated way, with minimal intervention by the technician. This software was successfully validated through an intralaboratory comparison.
Autores: Juan Carlos Mateus Sanchez, Donglin Meng
Palavras-chave: E-field strength, sensor probe, TEM Cells, E-field traceability
Resumo: This paper describes the development of an E-field strength sensor probe based on schottky diode technology to be used as a transfer standard for metrological proposes. This sensor probe was designed in a joint project between the National Metrology Institutes of Brazil (Inmetro) and China (NIM China) to bring traceability to many facilities generating Efield strength of both Institutes. The developed sensor allows transferring the E-field traceability from a -TEM Cell used as a primary standard to secondary standards like TEM and G-TEM Cells in the frequency range of 500 kHz to 2 GHz and at E-field intensities from 3 V/m to 70 V/m, with low uncertainty and a good dynamic range. The working principle of the new measuring system is similar to an old system that is not manufactured anymore, but it was re-designed in order to improve its performance and characteristics obtaining, as a result, a reduction in size of more than 10 times. Stability test results are also presented, showing that the new sensor is suitable for future inter-comparisons.
Autores: Gean Marcos Geronymo
Palavras-chave: Digital transformation, remote calibrations, automation, web applications.
Resumo: This paper gives a summary of the recent improvements in the digitalization process of the Electrical Standardization Metrology Laboratory (Lampe) of Inmetro using a web-based application based on the Smart Lab concept, based on a centralized database and a REST API for intercommunication between custom made and commercial hardware and software. In this context, a solution for hybrid-remote calibrations with remote control of calibration systems from anywhere using the Internet is presented.
Autores: Rodrigo de Oliveira Garcia Soares, Regis Landim, Vanderson Teixeira
Palavras-chave: Allan deviation, DDS, jitter, Josephson Voltage Standard
Resumo: This article describes the performance tests applied on the main components of a high stability signal synthesizer, DDS-based, that is being developed at Inmetro to ensure traceability to the SI in ac quantities and facilitate their standards calibration. It is being developed to work as a transfer standard for the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) in ac voltagessimilarly to Zeners for dc voltages. For projects that require precise signalslike this, it is highly necessary to evaluate each step of its construction and the characteristics of its components. To do so, evaluations such as power supply stability, DDS frequency stability, rms jitter, and noise attenuation of voltage regulators were made. Results found for the output signal frequency (generated by direct digital synthesis) showed oscillations between 0.09 Hz and 0.10 Hz and output stability with proportionally low values of Allan deviation. Regarding the voltage regulators, it was found a 75 dB average noise attenuation.
Autores: Ederson Ramalho
Palavras-chave: API, Controle, LabVIEW, Monitoramento, Multímetro
Resumo: O controle e monitoramento de processos estão cada vez mais presentes, tanto em aplicações industriais quanto em pesquisa e desenvolvimento. As medições precisam mostrar precisamente o que está acontecendo no processo monitorado. Para fazer isso, a precisão dos instrumentos é uma característica essencial nesses sistemas. Além disso, ter formas automatizadas de exportar essas medidas para um ambiente computacional é essencial para seu uso em sistemas de monitoramento e controle. Este artigo apresenta o processo de desenvolvimento de uma API para controle e monitoramento de multímetros digitais da série U1250 da Keysight no LabVIEW, permitindo seu uso nestes tipos de aplicações.
Autores: Marcus Vinícius Viegas Pinto, Rodrigo Vargas Freitas Ventura, Regis Pinheiro Landim, Rodrigo Pereira David
Palavras-chave: Low Current, Validation, Calibration methods
Resumo: The calibration of low current meters in the range of picoamperes up to microamperes is important for the electronics industry, for the photometry area, and especially for the ionizing radiation area. In Brazil, traceability is limited to ten microamperes. In this paper, a reference system using Ohm’s law method is presented. It was possible to calibrate an electrometer between 2 picoamperes and 20 microamperes, with uncertainties between 0.70 % and 0.000060 %, respectively, as well as to validate the developed system and Ohm’s law method by comparing it with the method used to calibrate values above 10 microamperes, in an intralaboratory comparison.
Autores: Daniel Slomovitz, Regis P. Landim, Heriguati de Souza, Leonardo Trigo
Autores: Marcelo Costa, João Crisóstomo Weyl Albuquerque Costa
Autores: Patricia C de O Vitorio, Leonardo A A de Souza, Regis P Landim, Charles B do Prado
Autores: Caio César Cunha, Cilis Benevides Aragão, Paulo Régis Carneiro de Araújo, Rhuan Santiago, Andrio Antonio, Henrique Innecco, Jânio Oliveira, Lucas Costa, Samir Sales, Alberto Alexandre
Autores: Marcelo Melo da Costa